Английский ЕГЭ - банк заданий - страница 249
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Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
College food
Choosing a college? Well, you may want to look more closely at what’s being served. Not just in the classrooms but also the cafeterias.
What you eat and drink in college can make a big difference during college and well beyond. College may be the first time that you are away from Mommy and Daddy and are making decisions about what to put in your mouth on your own. It is when you are potentially programming some of your habits for life. You may also still be growing in college, which makes good nutrition especially important. According to a study published in the journal Preventive Medicine, overweight and obesity rates increase by more than 15% for first-year college students.
Healthy may not be the first thing you think of when you picture college eating. Instead, it may be late-night takeout, food from bags, ketchup as a vegetable, cereal for dinner and Nutella on everything. Oh, and when the cafeteria’s vegetable-of-the-day is mushroom, it may actually be “mush” served in a room. The same study found that 95% of college students fail to eat the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables, and more than 60% report not getting enough physical activity.
That is why the Healthier Campus Initiative appeared. As science has shown, once your eating habits are established, changing them can be very difficult. Yes, knowledge and a diploma aren’t the only things that you can get for life from college. That means that collegiate eating and drinking could be contributing to the continuing obesity epidemic and the host of diet-related chronic diseases that keep growing in many countries.
College applicants seem to become more and more aware of this. Back when I was applying to college, the only thing I knew about college meal plans was that they involved meals and a plan. Oh, and that they could be quite costly. By contrast, a survey conducted in 2015 showed nearly 1 in 5 potential college applicants indicated that a college’s health and wellness offerings were “likely” or “extremely likely” to alter their decisions of whether to apply to that college. And 23% felt that access to such offerings would be “absolutely essential when deciding where to apply.” Among female high schoolers, 51% deemed it either absolutely essential or very important. Modern kids are smart.
Therefore, take heed, colleges and universities. They say that a way to one’s heart is through the stomach. This may apply to the brain as well and the checkbook for college tuition. If colleges want to attract the best and brightest, they may want to make sure they are serving the yummiest and the healthiest.
Of course, not all campuses around the country have joined the Initiative yet. That doesn’t mean that all other campuses are serving just hot dogs. However, you may want to be vigilant about what colleges and universities are serving. For example, ask to see their menus and accompanying nutrition information. This should include ingredients and frequency at which they are served. An apple a year will keep no doctor away. Determine what food is available off-hours or away from the cafeteria. This should include water fountains and healthy vending machines. Know who is supplying the food and from where the food comes.
Certainly, college food is not the sole cause of the epidemics of obesity and other diet related chronic diseases that certain countries are facing right now as there are a lot of other factors involved, including economics and family traditions. But it may be a contributor. After all, college years may be very important in forming habits we keep through our whole lives.
The author thinks that choosing a college should depend on…
The phrase take heed in “Therefore, take heed, colleges and universities” (Paragraph 6) is closest in meaning to …
The author is using a reference to a famous proverb “An apple a day keeps a doctor away” (Paragraph 7 — An apple a year will keep no doctor away) to emphasize that …
Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12-18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
Grown-ups and video games
Even now, well into the third decade of the 21st century, we tend to view video games as a guilty pleasure. For anyone over the age of 25, they’re often something you sneak off to do when no one is at home. They’re a furtive treat, filled with the cultural equivalent of empty calories.
Partly this is to do with how video games have been marketed for the last 30 years — predominantly at teenage boys. The games industry has taught us to see games as loud, brash and arcane. But the last years have seen a huge renaissance in video game design. The democratisation of the medium has brought in new voices and ideas. Fascinating things are happening. So here are reasons why, if you haven’t played many video games in the past, or still feel a little self-conscious about it, you should try more – and not feel bad about it.
As the global economy shows few signs of drastically improving, getting the most out of our entertainment choices is important. Most titles have replayability features built in. Big adventure games are filled with sub-quests, hidden areas and collectible items that encourage and reward replay and exploration. Competitive multiplayer titles effectively function like sports — you play and improve over many months, discovering new skill sets and features. And of course, waiting a few weeks before buying a game, or looking out for sales will get you those experiences for even less money.
A lot of the people now making, producing and funding television and movies grew up playing video games – and that influence is becoming ever more obvious. We’re now seeing the very structure, culture and design principles of games being expressed and explored in traditional narrative media. So playing video games is effectively preparing you for the future of broadcast media, and ensuring you understand what’s going on in the next season of your favourite television show.
The popular stereotype of the lone gamer sitting in a bedroom staring at a screen was never particularly accurate, but now it is laughably out of date. Most titles have multiplayer components that let you easily play against other people online. We learn a lot about our friends through play, and how you cooperate on video game tasks is a pretty good indicator on how you will cope with real-life challenges. In short, video games will save your relationships. I’m only half joking.
With the arrival of smartphones and tablets, games are more pervasive than ever. Children are now growing up expecting all screens to be interactive – a phenomenon that’s being referred to as “generation swipe.” They are using tablets in school, they’re being taught to code, and they’re creating apps. Playing together with kids is a way of meeting with your children in a domain they enjoy and feel comfortable with. It lets them take the lead; it lets them show you stuff. The skills are also transferable and can expand into the real world.
Did I mention this? Games are fun. They provide fascinating worlds to explore and take part in, they let us do incredible, sometimes ugly things — without recourse or any external help. They test out intelligence and reaction; they posit weird futures and possibilities; they let us take control of lives and bodies that we could never own or experience. They are made by artists and visionaries, and they provide moments of utter transfixing beauty and resonance. These are valid forms of escape and experience; they tell us things.
In the years of uncertainty and vast technological change, it is time to see video games alongside — and equal to — books, television and cinema as a popular imaginative medium. It is OK to play.
According to paragraph 1, video games are seen by adults as a(n)…
This in paragraph 2 (Partly this is to do with how video games have been marketed for the last 30 years) refers to the…